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Surprise?

© Copyright 2000, Jim Loy

Pick any positive real number (like 10 or pi or .78 or whatever), add 1, take the square root, add 1, take the square root, add 1, take the square root, etc. forever. What happens? Try it on your calculator, and you will see that it gets closer and closer to some number. Here I started with 10 using my calculator (The first number on each line is the square root of the previous number):

  1. 10+1=11
  2. 3.316624790355+1=4.316624790355
  3. 2.077648861178+1=3.077648861178
  4. 1.754322906759+1=2.754322906759
  5. 1.659615288782+1=2.659615288782
  6. 1.630832697974+1=2.630832697974
  7. 1.621984185488+1=2.621984185488
  8. 1.619254206568+1=2.619254206568
  9. 1.618411012867+1=2.618411012867
  10. 1.618150491415+1=2.618150491415
  11. 1.618069989653+1=2.618069989653
  12. 1.618045113602+1=2.618045113602
  13. 1.618037426515+1=2.618037426515
  14. 1.618035051077+1=2.618035051077
  15. 1.618034317027+1=2.618034317027
  16. 1.618034090193+1=2.618034090193
  17. 1.618034020098+1=2.618034020098
  18. 1.618033998437+1=2.618033998437
  19. 1.618033991743+1=2.618033991743
  20. 1.618033989675+1=2.618033989675
  21. 1.618033989036+1=2.618033989036
  22. 1.618033988838+1=2.618033988838
  23. 1.618033988777+1=2.618033988777
  24. 1.618033988758+1=2.618033988758
  25. 1.618033988753+1=2.618033988753
  26. 1.618033988751+1=2.618033988751
  27. 1.618033988750+1=2.618033988750
  28. 1.618033988750

On my calculator, it doesn't change after that. That number may look familiar to you. That is the Golden Ratio. What a coincidence, huh? Well, not really. We kept taking square roots. For large numbers (greater than one), the square root reduces the number. For small numbers (less than one), the square root increases the number. So we should expect that the above process zeroes in on a region of numbers close to one. It should not surprise us that it zeroes in on a particular number. What particular number would it zero in on? How about a number that is one less than its square? After all, we "add 1, take the square root, add 1, take the square root, add 1, take the square root..." This process will not change when the number is one less than its square. And that is one of the features of the golden ratio. If the above process does settle down to one specific number, then it should settle down to the golden ratio.


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